Peripheral lymphocyte subset alteration in patients with COVID-19 having differential clinical manifestations

Background & objectives: The COVID-19 disease profile in Indian patients has been found to be different from the Western world. Changes in lymphocyte compartment have been correlated with disease course, illness severity and clinical outcome. This study was aimed to assess the peripheral lymphocyte phenotype and subset distribution in patients with COVID-19 disease from India with differential clinical manifestations. Methods: Percentages of peripheral lymphocyte subsets were measured by flow cytometry in hospitalized asymptomatic (n=53), mild symptomatic (n=36), moderate and severe (n=30) patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, recovered individuals (n=40) and uninfected controls (n=56) from Pune, Maharashtra, India. Results: Percentages of CD4+Th cells were significantly high in asymptomatic, mild symptomatic, moderate and severe patients and recovered individuals compared to controls. Percentages of Th memory (CD3+CD4+CD45RO+), Tc memory (CD3+CD8+CD45RO+) and B memory (CD19+CD27+) cells were significantly higher in the recovered group compared to both asymptomatic, mild symptomatic patient and uninfected control groups. NK cell (CD56+CD3-) percentages were comparable among moderate +severe patient and uninfected control groups. Interpretation & conclusions: The observed lower CD4+Th cells in moderate+severe group requiring oxygen support compared to asymptomatic+mild symptomatic group not requiring oxygen support could be indicative of poor prognosis. Higher Th memory, Tc memory and B memory cells in the recovered group compared to mild symptomatic patient groups might be markers of recovery from mild infection; however, it remains to be established if the persistence of any of these cells could be considered as a correlate of protection.

Value of dynamic monitoring of absolute value and function of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in predicting the risk of early viral infection after kidney transplantation / 器官移植

Objective To investigate the predictive and diagnostic value of absolute value and function of different lymphocyte subsets in evaluating the risk of early viral infection after kidney transplantation. Methods Ninety-five kidney transplant recipients were enrolled in this prospective observational cohort study, and divided into the stable group (n=77) and infection group (n=18) according to postoperative immune status. Peripheral blood samples were collected for flow cytometry before operation, and 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months and 6 months after operation. The dynamic changes of the absolute values of CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells and natural killer (NK) cells were compared between two groups. The function of lymphocyte subsets in two groups was evaluated by detecting the proportion of interferon (IFN)-γ+CD4+T cells, IFN-γ+CD8+T cells and IFN-γ+NK cells. The value of the absolute values and function of lymphocyte subsets in predicting and diagnosing viral infection in the early stage after kidney transplantation was evaluated. Results During viral infection, the absolute values of CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells and NK cells in the infection group were at a relatively low level. At 2 months after operation, the absolute values of CD4+T cells and NK cells in the infection group were lower than those in the stable group. At 6 months after operation, the absolute values of CD4+T cells and CD8+T cells in the infection group were significantly lower compared with those in the stable group (all P < 0.05). During viral infection, the proportion of IFN-γ+CD4+T cells, IFN-γ+CD8+T cells and IFN-γ+NK cells in the infection group were all at a relatively low level, especially that of IFN-γ+CD8+T cells decreased most significantly. At postoperative 2 months, the proportion of IFN-γ+CD8+T cells and IFN-γ+NK cells in the infection group was significantly higher than those in the stable group. At 6 months after operation, the proportion of IFN-γ+CD4+T cells and IFN-γ+CD8+T cells in the infection group was significantly higher than those in the stable group (all P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the increasing proportion of IFN-γ+CD8+T cells and IFN-γ+NK cells was correlated with the increasing risk of viral infection at 2 months after operation (both P < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve demonstrated that the diagnostic value of absolute values of lymphocyte subsets combined with IFN-γ secretion function for viral infection in the immunocompromised recipients was significantly higher than that of absolute values of lymphocyte subsets alone (P < 0.05). Conclusions Dynamic monitoring of the changes of absolute values and function of lymphocyte subsets provides critical reference value for the prediction, diagnosis and medication guidance of viral infection.

Analysis on dynamic changes of T lymphocyte subsets in recipients with stable graft status after lung transplantation / 器官移植

Objective To analyze the dynamic changes and the influencing factors of T lymphocyte subsets in recipients with stable graft status within 1 year after lung transplantation. Methods Clinical data of 41 recipients with stable graft status after allogeneic lung transplantation were analyzed. The absolute value and ratio of T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood from recipients were measured by flow cytometry before operation, 2 weeks and each month (within 1 year) after operation, respectively. The effects of age, gender, body mass index (BMI), surgical method, incidence of primary graft dysfunction (PGD) after operation, and primary disease upon the absolute values of T lymphocytes were evaluated. Results Within 1 year after lung transplantation, the absolute values of CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+T lymphocytes and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were changed over time (all P < 0.001). Compared with preoperative values, there was no statistical significance in the absolute values of CD3+ and CD3+CD4+T lymphocytes at 12 months after operation (P=0.659, 0.109), whereas the absolute value of CD3+CD8+T lymphocytes was increased (P=0.02) and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio was decreased (P < 0.001). Age, gender, BMI, surgical method and incidence of PGD after operation exerted no significant effect on the dynamic changes of absolute values of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+T lymphocytes (all P > 0.05). Primary disease before lung transplantation exerted no effect on the changes of CD3+CD4+T lymphocytes, whereas the postoperative absolute value of CD3+CD8+T lymphocytes was higher in recipients with infectious lung diseases (P < 0.05). Conclusions The absolute values of CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+T lymphocytes in recipients with stable graft status after lung transplantation are relatively low in the early stage after lung transplantation, then gradually restore, and stabilize at 6 months after operation. Dynamic changes are not associated with age, gender, BMI, surgical method and incidence of PGD after operation of recipients.

Characteristics of immune function of full-term infants with different feeding patterns at the age of 3 months: a prospective cohort study / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the characteristics of immune function of healthy full-term infants at the age of 3 months, and to analyze the relationship of immune function with feeding pattern and sex.@*METHODS@#A total of 84 healthy full-term infants born in four hospitals in Beijing and Hohhot, China were prospectively recruited. Their feeding patterns remained unchanged within 4 months after birth. They were divided into a breast-feeding group and a milk powder feeding group according to their feeding patterns. At the age of 3 months after birth, peripheral venous blood samples of the two groups were collected to evaluate cellular immunity and humoral immunity and perform routine blood test. The laboratory indices were compared between infants with different feeding patterns and sexes.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the milk powder feeding group, the breast-feeding group had significantly lower proportion of T cell second signal receptor CD28, immunoglobulin M, and proportion and absolute count of neutrophils (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Sex has no significant effect on the proportion of lymphocyte subsets in 3-month-old full-term infants, but feeding patterns are associated with the proportion of CD28

A severe COVID-19 case with schizophrenia as well as other chronic diseases

The prognosis of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is usually poor when it occurs in aged adults or in patients with chronic diseases, which brought a great challenge to clinical practice. Furthermore, widespread depression, anxiety, and panic related to SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2) infection affected treatment compliance and recovery. Here we report the successful treatment of a 57-year-old male with severe COVID-19, schizophrenia, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. The patient's negative emotions (such as tension, panic, and anxiety), particularly his aggression and paranoia, seriously hindered treatment, leading to a deteriorating condition. Psychological counseling and supportive psychotherapy were given but the effect was weak. To improve adherence, risperidone and quetiapine fumarate were replaced by olanzapine for anti-schizophrenic treatment to reduce insomnia and anxiety side effects, associated with sedative-hypnotic drugs as well as psychological counseling. The treatment compliance of the patient improved significantly. The patient's serum alanine aminotransferase increased abnormally in the late stage of hospitalization, suggesting potential liver damage after complex medication strategies. We also monitored the changes of lymphocyte subsets and retrospectively analyzed the virus-specific antibody response. The results suggested that dynamic monitoring of lymphocyte subsets and virus-specific antibody response could facilitate disease progression evaluation and timely treatment plan adjustments. An effective psychotropic drug intervention associated with psychological counselling and psychotherapy are essential for the successful adherence, treatment, and rehabilitation of psychiatric disorders in COVID-19 patients.

Clinical Impact of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells, Lymphocyte Subsets, and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients with Colorectal Cancer

Effect of Bifidobacterium lactis M8 on immune function of immunosuppressive model rats / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To investigate the percentages of lymphocyte subsets∗ the transformation and proliferation activities of T lymphocytes∗ the expression levels of serum immunoglobulin and cytokines in the immunosuppressive model rats after given Bifidobacterium lactis M8, and to elucidate the effect of Bifidobacterium lactis M8 on the immune function of the immunosuppressive model rats. Methods: Fifty Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank control group, model control group, low dose of Bifidobacterium lactis M8 group, middle dose of Bifidobacterium lactis M8 group, and high dose of Bifidobacterium lactis M8 group, and there were 10 rats in each group. The rats in each group were administrated with probiotic bifidobacterium lactis M8 for 6 d. From the 7th day∗ except for blank control group∗ the rats in the other groups were given cyclophosphamide (CTX) for 3 d to construct the immunosuppressive models; the rats in low, middle∗ and high doses of Bifidobacterium lactis M8 groups were given 0. 01, 0. 10 and 1. 00 g bifidobacterium lactis M8» and the rats in blank control group and model control group were given sterile saline with the same volume. The percentages of lymphocyte subsets (CD3 + T lymphocytes, CD4 + T lymphocytes, CDS + T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and NK cells) in whole blood of the rats in various groups were detected by flow cytometry, the transformation and proliferation activities of T lymphocytes of the rats in various groups were detected by CCK-8 method, the levels of serum immunoglobulin A (IGA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-y (IFN-y) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) of the rats in various groups were detected by ELISA method. Results: Compared with blank control group, the percentages of CD3 + T lymphocytes, CD4 + T lymphocytes∗ CDS + T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and NK cells in whole blood of the rats inmodel control group were decreased significantly ( P'<0. 05); compared with model control group, the percentages of CD3 + T lymphocytes, CD4 + T lymphocytes and CDS + T lymphocytes in whole blood of the rats in high dose of Bt/idobacterium lactis MS group were increased significantly ( P<0. 05 or P

Diagnostic value of lymphocyte subset classification for active pulmonary tuberculosis in renal transplant recipients / 器官移植

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of lymphocyte subset classification in the diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis in renal transplant recipients. Methods Clinical data of 52 recipients undergoing renal transplantation were retrospectively analyzed. According to the results of imaging and etiological examination, 52 recipients were divided into the stable group(n=19), tuberculosis group (n=9), bacteria group (n=12) and fungi group (n=12), respectively. The renal function of recipients was compared, and the proportion and absolute value of lymphocyte subset were analyzed and compared among four groups. The diagnostic value of lymphocyte subset classification for active pulmonary tuberculosis after renal transplantation was evaluated. Results Compared with the stable group, the levels of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine in the tuberculosis group, bacteria group and fungi group were significantly increased (all P < 0.05). The proportion of CD3+, CD8+, CD4+, natural killer (NK) cells and CD19+ lymphocyte subsets were not significantly different (all P>0.05). And the absolute values of CD3+, CD8+, CD4+, NK cells and CD19+ lymphocyte subsets were significantly decreased (all P < 0.05). The proportion of CD8+ lymphocyte subset in the tuberculosis group and fungi group was significantly higher than that in the bacteria group (both P < 0.05). The optimal cut-off value of CD8+ lymphocyte subset ratio in the differential diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis and bacterial pneumonia was 33.27%, and the sensitivity and specificity were 0.889 and 0.833, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.880. Conclusions The classification of lymphocyte subset can provide auxiliary diagnostic basis for differential diagnosis and individualized treatment of active pulmonary tuberculosis and bacterial pneumonia in renal transplant recipients.

Dynamic changes of lymphocyte subsets and their correlation with renal function in recipients with stable graft status after renal transplantation / 器官移植

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and their correlation with renal function in recipients with stable graft status after renal transplantation. Methods Forty-five recipients who underwent renal transplantation for the first time and had stable graft function within postoperative 6 months were selected. The proportion and absolute value of lymphocyte subsets were detected by flow cytometry (FCM) in 180 peripheral blood samples from recipients at 15 d, 1, 3 and 6 months after renal transplantation. The dynamic changes of lymphocyte subsets with the extension of postoperative time and their correlation with serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were analyzed. Results The Scr levels did not significantly differ at 4 time points after renal transplantation (all P > 0.05). The BUN levels significantly differed between 15 d and 1 month after renal transplantation, and between 1 and 3 months after renal transplantation (P=0.002, P=0.001). The proportion of CD3+CD8+T cells, CD3+CD4+T cells, natural killer (NK) cells and CD4/CD8 ratio at postoperative 15 d significantly differed from those at 1 month after operation (P=0.009, P=0.004, P < 0.001, P=0.004). The proportion of B cells significantly differed between 15 d and 1 month, and between 1 and 3 months after renal transplantation (both P < 0.001). The absolute values of CD3+T cells, CD3+CD8+T cells, CD3+CD4+T cells and NK cells at postoperative 15 d significantly differed from those at 1 month after renal transplantation (P=0.001, P=0.002, P=0.003, P < 0.001). The absolute values of CD3+CD8+T cells significantly differed between 3 and 6 months after operation (P=0.015). The absolute value of B cells at 1 month after renal transplantation significantly differed from that at 3 months after renal transplantation (P=0.001). The proportion and absolute value of lymphocyte subsets were not significantly correlated with the Scr level (both P > 0.05). The proportion and absolute value of CD3+CD8+T cells and NK cells were negatively correlated with BUN (P < 0.001-0.05), whereas the proportion of CD3+CD4+T cells and B cells was positively correlated with the BUN level (P < 0.001-0.05). The absolute value of CD3+T cells was negatively associated with the BUN level (P < 0.05). Conclusions T cells and NK cells in the lymphocyte subsets of stable recipients raise to the stable state within 1 month after renal transplantation, whereas B cells decrease to stable state within 3 months renal transplantation. The dynamic changes of lymphocyte subsets are correlated with the BUN level.

Relationship between changes in cellular immune function and rehospitalization rate in elderly patients / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To observe the differences in T-lymphocyte subsets between patients with sepsis,non-sepsis and healthy controls with different ages,and to investigate the effect of cellular immune function on readmission rate.Methods The 337 patients with sepsis,350 patients with non-sepsis and 141 healthy controls were enrolled in this prospective study from general department and intensive care unit(ICU)of emergency department in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital during May 2017 to April 2018.The effects of ages on T lymphocyte subsets and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ)and the effects of T lymphocyte subsets and APACHE Ⅱ on 30-day rehospitalization rate were comparatively studied.Results In patients with non-sepsis,the values of CD3+T,CD4+T,CD8+ T,natural killer(NK)cell count were lower in elderly group than in the non-elderlygroup(956.0±85.8)×10-6/L vs.(1363.3±46.7)×10 6/L,(647.3±59.9)×10-6/L vs.(875.8±33.4) × 10-6/L,(288.9± 31.1)× 10-6/L vs.(451.2±21.2)× 10-6/L and (14.5±0.64)％vs.(15.4±0.6)％,respectively,P＜0.01.In patients with sepsis group,the values of CD3+ T,CD4+T,NK cells count were decreased and APACHE Ⅱ were increased in the elderly group as compared with the non-elderly group.The 30-day readmission rate was higher in elderly patients than in the non-elderly patients(74 cases vs.39 cases,P ＜0.01).Compared with the non-elderly patients,the elderly patients had decreased values of CD3+ T,CD4+ T,CD8+ T,NK cells,CD4+/CD8+ cell count and an increased APACHE Ⅱ (P ＜0.05).Conclusions The cellular immune function is decreased in elderly patients,which is more obvious in elderly patients with sepsis.Age,CD3+ T,CD4+ T,CD8+T and APACHE Ⅱ could be used as an independent predictor for 30 day readmission rate.

Effect of Gancao Xiexintang Combined with Vitamin B12 on T Lymphocyte Subset, Ulcer Area, Oral Flora in Children with Recurrent Oral Ulcer / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of Gancao Xiexintang combined with vitamin B12 on recurrent oral ulcer (ROU) in children. Method:Totally 116 children with ROU admitted in Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital from June 2016 to June 2018 were divided into observation group and control group on the basis of random number table,with 58 cases in each group. The control group was orally treated with vitamin B12, while the observation group was orally treated with Gancao Xiexintang in addition to the therapy of the control group. All of the children were treated for 14 days. Clinical efficacy, changes of T lymphocyte subset (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+), ulcer area, content of oral flora (veillonella, streptococcus) before and after treatment, and side effect were compared between the two groups. Result:The overall effective rate of the observation group was 96.6%(56/58), which was much higher than 84.5%(49/58) of the control group (P+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+in peripheral blood, but lower CD8+compared with those before treatment (P+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+) indexes in observation group was improved more significantly (PPPPPConclusion:In treating ROU in children, the combination of Gancao Xiexintang and vitamin B12 can significantly correct imbalance of T lymphocyte subset, promote the recovery of oral ulcer, and positively regulate oral micro-ecological environment, with an exact curative effect and high patient tolerance.

Clinical study of dynamic changes of T lymphocyte level in children with protracted bacterial bronchitis / 中国实用儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between pathogenesis of PBB and the T cell subsets disorders and to evaluate the clinical significance of immunomodulatory therapy to the prognosis of PBB and the prevention of recurrent PBB. METHODS: A total of 127 cases of PBB children treated in the Fourth Hospital of Baotou City from May2015 to May 2018 were selected. Blood samples were collected before treatment,and the levels of CD4,CD8 cells and CD4/CD8 in peripheral blood T cell subsets were detected by flow cytometry. All children with PBB(PBB group)were given oral amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for 2 to 4 weeks. The subjects were divided into Huaiqihuang group(n=66)and non-Huaiqihuang group(n=66). The Huaiqihuang group was given Huaiqihuang granules based on the anti-infective treatment. In addition,healthy children were enrolled as control group(n=39). T cell subsets of the two groups were reexamined 3 months after treatment. By analyzing the cough symptom scores of all children after 2 weeks,4 weeks and 12 weeks of treatment,the rate of cure and improvement and the recurrence rate after 1 year were evaluated.SPSS16.0 software was used for data processing,and the difference was significant if P0.05). In 2 weeks after treatment,the cough symptom scores of the PBB group began to decrease,and the non-Huaiqihuang group decreased more significantly,with statistically significant difference(P0.05). Follow-up showed that the recurrence rate of Huaiqihuang group was lower than that of non-Huaiqihuang group in 1 year after the end of treatment,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Children with PBB have T cell subsets disorder,and the treatment of anti-infection combined with Huaiqihuang granules for at least 4 weeks has a positive effect on PBB prognosis and recurrence prevention.

The prognostic impact of lymphocyte subsets in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia

BACKGROUND: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, which form a part of the host immune system, affect the development and progression of cancer. This study investigated whether subsets of lymphocytes reflecting host-tumor immunologic interactions are related to the prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). METHODS: Lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of 88 patients who were newly diagnosed with AML were analyzed by quantitative flow cytometry. The relationships of lymphocyte subsets with AML subtypes, genetic risk, and clinical courses were analyzed. RESULTS: The percentages of T and NK cells differed between patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and those with AML with myelodysplasia-related changes. In non-APL, a high proportion of NK cells (>16.6%) was associated with a higher rate of death before remission (P=0.0438), whereas a low proportion of NK cells (≤9.4%) was associated with higher rates of adverse genetic abnormalities (P=0.0244) and relapse (P=0.0567). A multivariate analysis showed that the lymphocyte subsets were not independent predictors of survival. CONCLUSION: Lymphocyte subsets at diagnosis differ between patients with different specific subtypes of AML. A low proportion of NK cells is associated with adverse genetic abnormalities, whereas a high proportion is related to death before remission. However, the proportion of NK cells may not show independent correlations with survival.

Brain derived neurotrophic factor enhances the role of mesenchymal stem cells in inhibiting follicular helper T cells / 中华血液学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the effect of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) inhibiting follicular helper T cells (Tfh cells).@*Methods@#The contents of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), IL-10, TGF-β and IL-21 in MSC culture supernatant were detected by ELISA; The peripheral blood of healthy volunteers were collected, and lymphocyte in peripheral blood was separated by human lymphocyte separation solution; Co-cultures of MSC and lymphocyte were performed by Transwell chamber, and the proportion of CD4+CXCR5+ Tfh cells and their subtypes were detected by flow cytometry.@*Results@#①The concentrations of IL-10, TGF-β, and IDO in the supernatant of BDNF group (BDNF-stimulated MSC) were higher than those of the control ones (adding PBS with the same volume) [IL-10: (42.1±4.4) ng/ml vs (19.3±2.1) ng/ml, t=4.761, P=0.009; TGF-β: (13.9±1.7) ng/ml vs (5.3±0.6) ng/ml, t=5.129, P=0.008; IDO: (441.3±56.9) ng/ml vs (226.7±37.6) ng/ml, t=3.130, P=0.035]; ②The comparisons between BDNF (co-culture of lymphocyte and BDNF-stimulated MSC) and MSC groups (co-culture of lymphocyte and MSC) were detailed as of follows: the proportion of CD4+ CXCR5+Tfh cells were lower [(3.37±0.21)% vs (6.51±0.27)%, t=9.353, P<0.001], the proportion of CD4+ CXCR5+CXCR3+ CCR6- Tfh cells were higher [(41.14±2.04)% vs (26.72±2.57)%, t=4.383, P=0.012], CD4+CXCR5+CXCR3-CCR6- Tfh2 cells and CD4+CXCR5+CXCR3-CCR6+ Tfh17 cells were lower [Tfh2: (30.16±5.38)% vs (43.26±4.11)%, t=4.426, P=0.012; Tfh17: (15.61±1.52)% vs (22.32±0.72)%, t=4.202, P=0.014], the proportion of CD4+CXCR5+Foxp3+ Tfr cells were higher [(4.95±0.22)% vs (2.32±0.16)%, t=10.241, P<0.001], the concentration of IL-21 in the lymphocyte supernatant was lower [(0.28±0.03) ng/ml vs (0.85±0.08) ng/ml, t=6.675, P=0.003].@*Conclusion@#BDNF could enhance the inhibitory effect of MSC on Tfh cells through inhibiting the increasing of Tfh cells and the differentiations of Tfh2 and Tfh17 cells.

LW-AFC,a new formula derived from Liuwei Dihuang decoction,ameliorates behavioral and pathological deterioration via modulating the neuroendocrine-immune system in Alzheimer disease mouse models / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE Alzheimer disease(AD),the most common cause of dementia among older people, could not be prevented, halted, or reversed up till now. A large body of pharmacological study has revealed that Liuwei Dihuang (LW) possesses potential therapeutic effects on AD. LW-AFC is key fractions from LW.In the present study,we investigated the effect of LW-AFC on AD mouse models. METHODS PrP-hAβPPswe/PS1ΔE9(APP/PS1) mice and senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 strain (SAMP8), classic AD animal models, were employed. After the treatment of LW-AFC, mice were cognitively evaluated in behavioral experiments. Neuron loss, amyloid-β (Αβ) deposition, and Αβ level were analyzed using Nissl staining, immunofluorescence, and an AlphaLISA assay, respectively. Multiplex bead analysis, a radioimmunoassay, immunochemiluminometry, and an ELISA were used to measure cytokine and hormone levels.Lymphocyte subsets were detected using fl ow cytometry. RESULTS LW-AFC ameliorated the cognitive impairment observed in APP/PS1and SAMP8 mice,including the impairment of object recognition memory,spatial learning and memory,and active and passive avoidance. In addition, LW-AFC alleviated the neuron loss in the hippocampus, suppressed amyloid-β(Αβ)deposition in the brain,and reduced the concentration of Aβ1-42in the hippo-campus and plasma of APP/PS1 mice. LW-AFC treatment also significantly restored the imbalance of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, enhanced the proliferation of splenocytes,corrected the disorder of lymphocyte subsets,and regulated the abnormal production of cytokine in APP/PS1 and SAMP8 mice. Effects of LW-AFC on pharmacodynamics and neuroendocrine immunomodulation network in APP/PS1 and SAMP8 mice were better than meman-tine and donepezil. CONCLUSION LW-AFC ameliorated the behavioral and pathological deterioration of AD mouse models via the restoration of the NIM network, which supports the use of LW-AFC as a potential agent for AD therapy.

Clinical Observation of Paclitaxel Combined with Lobaplatin by Interventional Embolization Chemothera-py for Cervical Cancer / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate chemotherapeutic efficacy and safety of Paclitaxel combined with lobaplatin by inter-ventional embolization for cervical cancer. METHODS:Totally 68 cases of cervical cancer patients selected from our hospital dur-ing May 2010-Mar. 2014 were divided into control group and observation group according to therapy plan,with 34 cases in each group. Control group was given Paclitaxel liposome for injection 175 mg/m2 added into 5% Glucose injection 250 mL,ivgtt+Loba-platin for injection 80 mg/m2 added into 5% Glucose injection 250 mL,ivgtt. Observation group was given Paclitaxel liposome for injection 175 mg/m2+Lobaplatin for injection 80 mg/m2+5% Glucose injection 10 mL via percutaneous catheter after selecting uter-ine artery and tumor vessel by arterial catheterization arteriography,gelfoam embolization. Both groups were treated in the first day of every treatment course,21 d as a treatment course,for 3 courses. Clinical efficacies were observed in 2 groups as well as the levels of T lymphocyte subsets(CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+)before and after treatment. The occurrence of ADR during treatment,lo-cal recurrence and metastasis after 2 years,and survival situation were recorded. RESULTS:The total response rate of observatio group(85.29%)was significantly higher than that of control group(61.76%),with statistical significance(P0.05). After treat-ment,CD4+and CD4+/CD8+of 2 groups were increased significantly,while CD8+was decreased significantly;above indexes of ob-servation group were improved significantly compared to control group,with statistical significance (P0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Paclitaxel combined with lobaplatin by interventional embolization show definite chemotherapeutic efficacy for cervical cancer,and can improve the levels of T lymphocyte subset with good safety.

Validity analysis of pulmicort respulas combined with montelukast in treating children with asthma and its role in pulmonary function and T lymphocyte subset / 药物评价研究

Objective To explore the validity of oxygen atomizing inhalation pulmicort respulas combined with montelukast in treating children with asthma and its role in pulmonary function and T lymphocyte subset.Methods Totally 78 cases treated in Huizhou People's Hospital from June,2014 to June,2016 were randomly divided into observation group and control group with each group of 39 cases.The control group on the basis of routine treatment with oxygen atomizing inhalation of pulmicort 1 mg,twice daily,and the observation group based on control group added Montelukast Sodium Chewable Tablets 5 mg,once daily,one week for one course.The clinical effect,pulmonary function,and level of T lymphocyte subset were compared between two groups.Results The total effective rate in the observation group was 94.70％,which was significantly higher than control group (82.05％,P ＜ 0.05).After therapy,the symptom scores of two groups were obviously decreased compared with those before therapy (P ＜ 0.05),and those of the observation group were significantly lower than control group (P ＜ 0.05);The pulmonary function of the two groups were obviously improved (P ＜ 0.05) compared with that before therapy (P ＜ 0.05),and the levels of FEV1,FVC,and FEV1/FVC in observation group were significantly higher than control group (P ＜ 0.05);The level ofT lymphocyte subset in control group showed no statistical difference compared to that before therapy,and the levels of CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in observation group were obviously decreased,whereas CD8+ was increased.Conclusion Oxygen atomizing inhalation pulmicort respulas combined with montelukast could effectively increase the clinical effect on children with asthma,improve pulmonary function and positively regulate immune function,which deserves clinical expansion.

Comparison of age-based clinical and abnormal immune parameters in patients with Henoch-Schönlein purpura / 中华血液学杂志

Objective@#To explore age-based clinical and immune parameters in Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) to determine clinically useful markers reflecting disease characteristic.@*Methods@#A cohort of 502 patients with HSP were enrolled into this retrospective study to evaluate their clinical and immune data.@*Results@#Majority HSP cases occurred at age ≤14 years and showed significant immune imbalances of ESR, CD3+ cells, CD4+ cells, CD3-CD16+CD56+ cells, CD4+/CD8+ cells, IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, complements C3/C4 and ASO in the acute phase. Compared to patients aged >14 years, symptoms of joint were more frequent at disease onset in patients aged ≤14 years (20.8% vs 7.6%, χ2=13.547, P<0.001) , and involvement of digestive tract and joint were also more frequent (57.4% vs 33.8%, χ2=24.106, P<0.001; 55.9% vs 32.5%, χ2=23.768, P<0.001, respectively) , but not for involvement of kidney (21.4% vs 51.3%, χ2=42.440, P<0.001) . The patients aged ≤14 years had distinct immune state, reductions of CD3+ cells, CD4+ cells and IgG were more frequent than patients aged >14 years, also increase of ASO (33.1% vs 20.0%, χ2=6.656, P=0.010) , but not increase of IgA (2.6% vs 39.4%, χ2=15.582, P<0.001) . In addition, reduction of IgG and increase of IgE were positively associated with digestive tract involvement (P<0.001, P=0.001, respectively) , reduction of CD3+CD4+ cells and normal IgM were positively associated with joint involvement (P=0.004, P=0.003, respectively) , increase of CD3+CD8+ cells and normal CD3+ cells were positively associated with kidney involvement (P=0.032, P=0.014, respectively) .@*Conclusion@#HSP showed significant immune imbalance in the acute phase, patients between aged ≤14 and >14 years had distinct clinical and immune characteristic, and abnormal immune parameters were significantly associated with organ involvements.

LW-AFC, a new formula derived from Liuwei Dihuang decoction, ameliorates behavioral and pathological deterioration via modulating the neuroendocrine-immune abnormalities in PrP-hAβPPswe/PS1ΔE9 transgenic mice / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of LW- AFC, a new formula of the main active components extracted from Liuwei Dihuang decoction, on treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD) in mouse models. METHODS After treatment LW- AFC, mice were cognitively evaluated in behavioral experiments. Neuron loss, amyloid-β(Αβ) deposition, and Αβ level were analyzed using Nissl staining, immunofluorescence, and an AlphaLISA assay, respectively. Multiplex bead analysis, a radioimmunoassay, immunochemiluminometry, and an ELISA were used to measure cytokine and hormone levels. Lymphocyte subsets were detected using flow cytometry. RESULTS LW-AFC ameliorated the cognitive impairment observed in APP/PS1 mice, including the impairment of object recognition memory, spatial learning and memory, and active and passive avoidance. In addition, LW-AFC alleviated the neuron loss in the hippocampus, suppressed Αβ deposition in the brain, and reduced the concentration of Aβ1- 42 in the hippocampus and plasma of APP/PS1 mice. LW-AFC treatment also significantly decreased the secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the hypothalamus, and adrenocorticotropic hormone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle- stimulating hormone in the pituitary. Moreover, LW-AFC increased CD8+CD28+T cells, and reduced CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T cells in the spleen lymphocytes, down- regulated interleukin(IL)- 1β, IL- 2, IL- 6, IL- 23, granulocyte- macrophage colony stimulating factor, and tumor necrosis factor-α and -β, and up-regulated IL-4 and granulocyte colony stimulating factor in the plasma of APP/PS1 mice. CONCLUSION LW-AFC ameliorated the behavioral and pathological deterioration of APP/PS1 transgenic micevia the restoration of the NIM network to a greater extent than either memantineor donepezil, which supports the use of LW-AFC as a potential agent for AD therapy.

Clinical comparative research of tumor patient’s peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subset following CT guided percutaneous argon-helium cryoablation / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To observe the response of tumor patient’s peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subset following CT guided per-cutaneous argon-helium cryoablation.Methods 122 patients with advanced of hepatocarcinoma or renal cell carcinoma undergone CT guided percutaneous argon-helium cryoablation.The percentage of peripheral blood CD3 + ,CD4 + ,CD8 + T-lymphocyte subset and the proportion of CD4 +/CD8 + T-lymphocyte were monitored at 2 h before and 20 h after the cryoablation respectively.Results The percentage of peripheral blood CD3+ ,CD4+ and CD3+ ,CD8+ T-lymphocyte were significantly increased after cryoablation,(measured by matched t-test,P<0.05).The ratio of CD4 +/CD8+ T-lymphocyte cells had an increase of 0.130(P =0.069).Conclusion The percentage of blood T-lymphocyte subset in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma or renal cell carcinoma is increased significantly,when they are treated by using CT guided percutaneous cryoablation.The patient's tumor specific immunity is enhanced by CT guided percutaneous cryoablation.